前言
在上一文中我们有探究到objc_msgSend
相关的一些底层原理。
我们发现在慢速查找的过程中有这样
resolveMethod_locked 动态决议
Copy IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
IMP imp = nil;
Class curClass;
...
for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
if (curClass->cache.isConstantOptimizedCache(/* strict */true)) {
...
} else {
...
if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->getSuperclass()) == nil)) {
// No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
// Use forwarding.
imp = forward_imp;
break;
}
}
...
}
// No implementation found. Try method resolver once.
if (slowpath(behavior & LOOKUP_RESOLVER)) {
behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER;
return resolveMethod_locked(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
...
done_unlock:
runtimeLock.unlock();
if (slowpath((behavior & LOOKUP_NIL) && imp == forward_imp)) {
return nil;
}
return imp;
}
先附上一张流程图
仅从源码分析会很困难,结合代码调试各种情况,和这张流程图可以更好的理解整个流程的细节
我自己也反复调试了很多次才理的差不多,以前知道这些东西,但没有深入底层去理解细节
一、 _objc_msgForward_impcache
通过在源码objc-msg-arm64.s
中搜索我们一步步找到核心代码
__objc_msgForward_impcache
Copy STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
// No stret specialization.
b __objc_msgForward
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
__objc_msgForward
Copy ENTRY __objc_msgForward
adrp x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
TailCallFunctionPointer x17
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward
__objc_forward_handler
我们并没有找到 __objc_forward_handler
objc_defaultForwardHandler
找到了下面的代码。
Copy // Default forward handler halts the process.
__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void
objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
{
/**
打印一些信息
这里就有我们常看到的 unrecognized selector 的相关崩溃新系了
*/
_objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
"(no message forward handler is installed)",
class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-',
object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
}
void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
二、 resolveMethod_locked
Copy static NEVER_INLINE IMP
resolveMethod_locked(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
...
if (! cls->isMetaClass()) {
// 对象方法(cls不是元类),理解ISA关系图这里就会比较清楚的
// try [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
else {
// 类方法
// try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
// and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
if (!lookUpImpOrNilTryCache(inst, sel, cls)) {
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
}
// chances are that calling the resolver have populated the cache
// so attempt using it
return lookUpImpOrForwardTryCache(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
三、实例方法动态决议
这里声明一个实例方法,但不做实现。触发调用
Copy - (void)noIMP;
[obj noIMP];
会见到我们常见的一个崩溃信息:
Copy libc++abi: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException
*** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[RYModel noIMP]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x100677a40'
terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException
3.1 动态添加Method
重写 + (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel
添加method
Copy - (void)callNoIMPSel {
NSLog(@"调用了没IMP的SEL");
}
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel {
if (sel == @selector(noIMP)) {
IMP safeIMP = class_getMethodImplementation(self, @selector(callNoIMPSel));
Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(callNoIMPSel));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
NSLog(@"对%@进行动态决议", NSStringFromSelector(sel));
return class_addMethod(self, sel, safeIMP, type);
}
return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
}
输出:
Copy 对noIMP进行动态决议
调用了没IMP的SEL
3.2 如果再次调用,还会不会进行动态决议呢?
理论分析:第一次添加了Method后,会同步插入到方法缓存中,所以第二次执行就不会再次添加。
实际运行结果也验证了刚才的分析。
Copy 对noIMP进行动态决议
调用了没IMP的SEL
调用了没IMP的SEL
3.3 源码解析
Copy static void resolveInstanceMethod(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls)
{
...
SEL resolve_sel = @selector(resolveInstanceMethod:);
...
BOOL (*msg)(Class, SEL, SEL) = (typeof(msg))objc_msgSend;
// 直接调用 objc_msgSend 调用 resolveInstanceMethod:
bool resolved = msg(cls, resolve_sel, sel);
// 动态决议处理后来到这里
// Cache the result (good or bad) so the resolver doesn't fire next time.
// +resolveInstanceMethod adds to self a.k.a. cls
IMP imp = lookUpImpOrNilTryCache(inst, sel, cls);
if (resolved && PrintResolving) {
if (imp) {
...
}
else {
// Method resolver didn't add anything?
...
}
}
}
Copy static IMP _lookUpImpTryCache(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
...
IMP imp = cache_getImp(cls, sel);
if (imp != NULL) goto done;
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
。。。
#endif
if (slowpath(imp == NULL)) {
// 再查找
return lookUpImpOrForward(inst, sel, cls, behavior);
}
done:
if ((behavior & LOOKUP_NIL) && imp == (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache) {
// 需要转发
return nil;
}
return imp;
}
四、类方法动态决议
4.1 动态添加Method
Copy + (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel {
if (sel == @selector(noClassIMP)) {
IMP safeIMP = class_getMethodImplementation(self, @selector(callClassNoIMPSel));
Method method = class_getClassMethod(self, @selector(callClassNoIMPSel));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
NSLog(@"对%@进行动态决议(类方法)", NSStringFromSelector(sel));
return class_addMethod(self, sel, safeIMP, type);
}
return [super resolveClassMethod:sel];
}
如果你写成上面的样子,你会发现依旧会崩溃。根本没生效。
如果你不知道为什么,你需要首先搞明白 类方法存在哪里
正确的实现方式:
Copy + (BOOL)resolveClassMethod:(SEL)sel {
if (sel == @selector(noClassIMP)) {
Class meta = objc_getMetaClass("RYModel");
IMP safeIMP = class_getMethodImplementation(meta, @selector(callClassNoIMPSel));
Method method = class_getClassMethod(meta, @selector(callClassNoIMPSel));
const char *type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
NSLog(@"对%@进行动态决议(类方法)", NSStringFromSelector(sel));
return class_addMethod(meta, sel, safeIMP, type);
}
return [super resolveClassMethod:sel];
}
输出:
Copy 对noClassIMP进行动态决议(类方法)
调用了Class没IMP的SEL
4.2 类方法动态决议的特殊处理
在源码中及流程图中可以发现,在 resolveClassMethod
之后如果缓存中还没有对应的Method
的话就会再去调用 resolveInstanceMethod
。
Copy // try [nonMetaClass resolveClassMethod:sel]
// and [cls resolveInstanceMethod:sel]
resolveClassMethod(inst, sel, cls);
if (!lookUpImpOrNilTryCache(inst, sel, cls)) {
resolveInstanceMethod(inst, sel, cls);
}
可见苹果工程师也是操碎了心啊,给了好多机会来让我们不要崩溃
五、消息转发
在 lookUpImpOrForward
中我们找到 _objc_msgForward_impcache
Copy IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
...
}
5.1 寻找切入点
发现其实现在 objc-msg-arm64.s
中
__objc_msgForward_impcache
Copy STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
// No stret specialization.
b __objc_msgForward
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward_impcache
__objc_msgForward
Copy ENTRY __objc_msgForward
adrp x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGE
ldr p17, [x17, __objc_forward_handler@PAGEOFF]
TailCallFunctionPointer x17
END_ENTRY __objc_msgForward
_objc_forward_handler
我们有进一步找到了 _objc_forward_handler
拥有一个默认的实现: objc_defaultForwardHandler
以及一个set
方法:objc_setForwardHandler
Copy #if !__OBJC2__
...
#else
// Default forward handler halts the process.
__attribute__((noreturn, cold)) void
objc_defaultForwardHandler(id self, SEL sel)
{
_objc_fatal("%c[%s %s]: unrecognized selector sent to instance %p "
"(no message forward handler is installed)",
class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self)) ? '+' : '-',
object_getClassName(self), sel_getName(sel), self);
}
void *_objc_forward_handler = (void*)objc_defaultForwardHandler;
#if SUPPORT_STRET (ARM64 = 0)
...
#endif
#endif
void objc_setForwardHandler(void *fwd, void *fwd_stret)
{
_objc_forward_handler = fwd;
#if SUPPORT_STRET
_objc_forward_stret_handler = fwd_stret;
#endif
}
进一步搜索 setForwardHandler
并未发现相关调用,推测调用处不在OC源码中。
分析Log
发现调用了 CoreFoundation
中的 ___forwarding___
方法。
Copy *** First throw call stack:
(
...
3 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff203f790b ___forwarding___ + 1448
4 CoreFoundation 0x00007fff203f72d8 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
...
)
那么怎么去进一步分析呢?
5.2 汇编分析 CoreFoundation`forwarding :
forwardingTargetForSelector:
0x7fff203f741b <+184>: mov r14, qword ptr [rip + 0x604ed906] ; "forwardingTargetForSelector:"
通过这条指令我们发现一个 forwardingTargetForSelector:
我们找下源码,根据命名推测这个方法用来是转发消息给某个对象的。
我们下个断点:
Copy + (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)sel {
return nil;
}
- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)sel {
return nil;
}
发现断点确实走到了这里,输出堆栈信息:
Copy (lldb) bt
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 3.1
* frame #0: 0x00000001003548f2 libobjc.A.dylib`-[NSObject forwardingTargetForSelector:](self=0x000000010132f350, _cmd="forwardingTargetForSelector:", sel="noIMP") at NSObject.mm:2451:5
frame #1: 0x00007fff203f7444 CoreFoundation`___forwarding___ + 225
frame #2: 0x00007fff203f72d8 CoreFoundation`_CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
frame #3: 0x00000001000033d0 KCObjcBuild`main(argc=1, argv=0x00007ffeefbff4a0) at main.m:23:9 [opt]
frame #4: 0x00007fff20337f5d libdyld.dylib`start + 1
接下来我们试着在这里返回一个对象来接收消息看看效果。
Copy @implementation RYModel
- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)sel {
return [[RYSubModel alloc] init];
}
@end
@implementation RYSubModel
- (void)noIMP {
NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
}
@end
运行后执行正常,输出了 -[RYSubModel noIMP]
。
5.3 转发对象为空的情况
当不实现 forwardingTargetForSelector
的时候,我们发现,经过一次动态决议
默认返回 nil
后,又一次进入了 动态决议
Copy // 一次动态决议
+[RYModel resolveInstanceMethod:]--noIMP
// 打印堆栈信息
(lldb) bt
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = breakpoint 6.1
* frame #0: 0x000000010031682a libobjc.A.dylib`lookUpImpOrForward(inst=0x0000000000000000, sel="noIMP", cls=RYModel, behavior=2) at objc-runtime-new.mm:6536:9
frame #1: 0x00000001002edcb9 libobjc.A.dylib`class_getInstanceMethod(cls=RYModel, sel="noIMP") at objc-runtime-new.mm:6192:5
frame #2: 0x00007fff2040d653 CoreFoundation`__methodDescriptionForSelector + 276
frame #3: 0x00007fff20426fa0 CoreFoundation`-[NSObject(NSObject) methodSignatureForSelector:] + 30
frame #4: 0x00007fff203f74ef CoreFoundation`___forwarding___ + 396
frame #5: 0x00007fff203f72d8 CoreFoundation`_CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
frame #6: 0x00000001000034d0 KCObjcBuild`main + 64
frame #7: 0x00007fff20337f5d libdyld.dylib`start + 1
// 打印变量信息
(lldb) po inst
nil
(lldb) po sel
"noIMP"
(lldb) po cls
objc[3185]: mutex incorrectly locked
objc[3185]: mutex incorrectly locked
RYModel
(lldb) po behavior
2
behavior == 2 == LOOKUP_RESOLVER
behavior ^= LOOKUP_RESOLVER
六、总结
这部分的理解还是需要结合调试,单纯看源码很难理清楚,有太多嵌套调用。
希望我的流程图能帮助理解,有不对的地方也欢迎指出。