11.源码解读objc_msgSend
前言
本文基于
objc4-818.2源码iOS14.6 iPhoneX
源码版本、系统版本、设备不同的话，真机调试的汇编会和源码有不同。自行调试的时候需要注意
源码中对于重要部分做了注释，
...表示省略了一些其他架构或者无关紧要的代码为了方便阅读，汇编代码中的做了
缩进调整和分块注释，阅读起来应该会轻松不少电脑端阅读体验更佳哦本文看着会比较累，用了个看着比较轻松愉悦的主题。
配上一杯 ☕️ 体验更佳
objc_msgSend相关的内容很多，此文会持续更新、修正具体更新内容可以查看
更新记录
欢迎收藏、交流、抓虫
更新记录
更新日期
变更
20210701
首次发布
一、平时我们是如何调用方法的？
有三种方式进行调用： OC Method
[model doSomething]NSObject API
[model isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]objc API。
class_getSuperclass([RYModel class])API的层级结构如下：
1.1 实验三种方式
RYModel *obj = [[RYModel alloc] init];
[obj dosomethingA];
[obj performSelector:NSSelectorFromString(@"dosomethingA")];
// < Xcode 12
// objc_msgSend((id)obj, sel_registerName("dosomethingA"));
// Xcode 12 需要转类型，只改Build setting不行
((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)(obj, sel_registerName("dosomethingA"));需要注意的点：
#import <objc/message.h>Xcode 12以下Build setting->objc_msgSend->Enable Strict Checking of objc_msgSend Calls->NO
Xcode 12以上需要对 objc_msgSend 转类型，才能正常调用
输出：都能够正常调用
ObjcMsgSend[17313:6255181] -[RYModel dosomethingA]
ObjcMsgSend[17313:6255181] -[RYModel dosomethingA]
ObjcMsgSend[17313:6255181] -[RYModel dosomethingA]1.2 调用父类方法
@interface RYSubModel : RYModel
- (BOOL)isSub;
@end
@implementation RYSubModel
- (BOOL)isSub {
NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
[super dosomethingA];
return YES;
}
@endRYSubModel 继承 RYModel ，我们看看C++文件中 isSub 的情况。
static BOOL _I_RYSubModel_isSub(RYSubModel * self, SEL _cmd) {
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_py_7v1wvf813z5bmw0hr97yplwc0000gn_T_RYModel_c52934_mi_6,__FUNCTION__);
((void (*)(__rw_objc_super *, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__rw_objc_super){(id)self, (id)class_getSuperclass(objc_getClass("RYSubModel"))}, sel_registerName("dosomethingA"));
return ((bool)1);
}这里 [super dosomethingA] 转成C++后，发现一个 objc_msgSendSuper 方法，通过它来调用父类的方法。
1.3 objc_msgSendSuper
我们试试能不能直接调用 objc_msgSendSuper。
objc_msgSendSuper(struct objc_super * _Nonnull super, SEL _Nonnull op, ...)super
objc_super 结构体指针
op
selector
/// Specifies the superclass of an instance.
struct objc_super {
/// Specifies an instance of a class.
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull id receiver;
/// Specifies the particular superclass of the instance to message.
#if !defined(__cplusplus) && !__OBJC2__
/* For compatibility with old objc-runtime.h header */
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class class;
#else
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class super_class;
#endif
/* super_class is the first class to search */
};objc_super
/// Specifies the superclass of an instance.
struct objc_super {
/// Specifies an instance of a class.
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull id receiver;
/// Specifies the particular superclass of the instance to message.
#if !defined(__cplusplus) && !__OBJC2__ //
/* For compatibility with old objc-runtime.h header */
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class class;
#else
__unsafe_unretained _Nonnull Class super_class;
#endif
/* super_class is the first class to search */
};代码
struct objc_super ry_super;
ry_super.receiver = obj;
ry_super.super_class = [RYModel class];
((void (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSendSuper)((__bridge id)(&ry_super), sel_registerName("dosomethingA"));
输出：
ObjcMsgSend[17330:6265149] -[RYModel dosomethingA] // 调用父类方法成功修改父类参数
我们将父类修改成它自己的类对象试试。 ry_super.super_class = [RYSubModel class];，输出依然正确。内部有个查找的链条。
1.4 源码
我们找一下 objc_msgSend 的源码。
ARM64版的源码都在 objc-msg-arm64.s 中，是 汇编 的。
通过添加符号断点也可以查看到汇编代码。
二、汇编说明
2.1 这里用到的主要的的汇编指令备注
指令
示例
备注
cmp
cmp x0, #0x0
作差值计算，结果丢弃，只调整状态寄存器CPSR标志位
b.le
b.le 0x1afad2b98;
意为less than or equal to，结果<=0，的时候跳转指令 0x1afad2b98
b.eq
b.eq 0x1afad2b68
意为equal，结果==0，时跳转指令0x1afad2b68
and
and x16, x13
x16 & x13 与操作
ldr
ldr x13, [x0]
将地址x0的储存器的数据，放入x13寄存器
lsr
lsr #48
逻辑右移48位
lsl
lsl #4
逻辑左移4位
ldp
ldp x17, x9, [x12]
取出x12的值存入x17,x9
b.ne
b.ne 0x1afad2b54
不相等，跳转指令0x1afad2b54
tbnz
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
Test and branch Not zero，即：如果p11的第0位不为0就执行LLookupPreopt\Function
TBZ
-
为0，和tbnz类似
adrp
adrp x0, 1
1. 将1的值,左移12位 1 0000 0000 0000 == 0x1000;\n 2.将PC寄存器的低12位清零 0x1045228b0 ==> 0x104522000; 3.将将1 和 2 的结果相加 给 X0 寄存器
eor
-
异或
2.2 寄存器说明
x0-x7，是用来传参的。x0：消息接收者
x1：sel
☕️ 休息一下吧，后面开始会有点累
三 _objc_msgSend 源码汇编
ENTRY _objc_msgSend
UNWIND _objc_msgSend, NoFrame
// 判断是否存在消息接收者
cmp p0, #0 // nil check and tagged pointer check 比较P0寄存器和0
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
// 支持Taggedpointer ARM64下 SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS = 1，
// 根据状态寄存器结果 p0 - 0 <= 0 跳转执行 LNilOrTagged
b.le LNilOrTagged // (MSB tagged pointer looks negative)
#else
// 等于0，即接收者为nil，LReturnZero
b.eq LReturnZero
#endif
// ISA 存入p13
ldr p13, [x0] // p13 = isa
// 从ISA中获取 Class，p16存的是Class的指针
GetClassFromIsa_p16 p13, 1, x0 // p16 = class
// 获取ISA完成后执行：
LGetIsaDone:
// calls imp or objc_msgSend_uncached
// 调用IMP或者查缓存
CacheLookup NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached
END_ENTRY _objc_msgSend3.1 GetClassFromIsa_p16
获取Class存入p16
/********************************************************************
* GetClassFromIsa_p16 src, needs_auth, auth_address
* src is a raw isa field. Sets p16 to the corresponding class pointer.
* The raw isa might be an indexed isa to be decoded, or a
* packed isa that needs to be masked.
*
* On exit:
* src is unchanged
* p16 is a class pointer
* x10 is clobbered
********************************************************************/
.macro GetClassFromIsa_p16 src, needs_auth, auth_address /* note: auth_address is not required if !needs_auth */
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
...
#elif __LP64__
.if \needs_auth == 0 // _cache_getImp takes an authed class already
mov p16, \src
.else // needs_auth == 1
// 64-bit packed isa
ExtractISA p16, \src, \auth_address
.endif
#else
// 32-bit raw isa
mov p16, \src
#endif
.endmacro3.2 ExtractISA 获取ClassISA
// XS/XS Max/XR A12处理器开始
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// JOP
...
.macro ExtractISA
// ISA($1) & ISA_MASK 存入 p16p16($0)，即 class
and $0, $1, #ISA_MASK
#if ISA_SIGNING_AUTH_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_STRIP
xpacd $0
#elif ISA_SIGNING_AUTH_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_AUTH
mov x10, $2
movk x10, #ISA_SIGNING_DISCRIMINATOR, LSL #48
autda $0, x10
#endif
.endmacro
...
// JOP
#else
// not JOP
...
.macro ExtractISA
// ISA($1) & ISA_MASK 存入 p16($0)，即 class
and $0, $1, #ISA_MASK
.endmacro
// not JOP
#endif3.3 CacheLookup 查找缓存
参数：
Mode：缓存命中模式
CacheHit
Function
命中缓存后调用
MissLabelDynamic
未命中调用
MissLabelConstant
MissLabelConstant is only used for the GETIMP variant
官方注释
建议查看一下，有助于理解
/********************************************************************
*
* CacheLookup NORMAL|GETIMP|LOOKUP <function> MissLabelDynamic MissLabelConstant
*
* MissLabelConstant is only used for the GETIMP variant.
*
* Locate the implementation for a selector in a class method cache.
*
* When this is used in a function that doesn't hold the runtime lock,
* this represents the critical section that may access dead memory.
* If the kernel causes one of these functions to go down the recovery
* path, we pretend the lookup failed by jumping the JumpMiss branch.
*
* Takes:
* x1 = selector
* x16 = class to be searched
*
* Kills:
* x9,x10,x11,x12,x13,x15,x1
*
* Untouched:
* x14
*
* On exit: (found) calls or returns IMP
* with x16 = class, x17 = IMP
* In LOOKUP mode, the two low bits are set to 0x3
* if we hit a constant cache (used in objc_trace)
* (not found) jumps to LCacheMiss
* with x15 = class
* For constant caches in LOOKUP mode, the low bit
* of x16 is set to 0x1 to indicate we had to fallback.
* In addition, when LCacheMiss is __objc_msgSend_uncached or
* __objc_msgLookup_uncached, 0x2 will be set in x16
* to remember we took the slowpath.
* So the two low bits of x16 on exit mean:
* 0: dynamic hit
* 1: fallback to the parent class, when there is a preoptimized cache
* 2: slowpath
* 3: preoptimized cache hit
*
********************************************************************/源码
.macro CacheLookup Mode, Function, MissLabelDynamic, MissLabelConstant
//
// Restart protocol:
//
// As soon as we're past the LLookupStart\Function label we may have
// loaded an invalid cache pointer or mask.
//
// When task_restartable_ranges_synchronize() is called,
// (or when a signal hits us) before we're past LLookupEnd\Function,
// then our PC will be reset to LLookupRecover\Function which forcefully
// jumps to the cache-miss codepath which have the following
// requirements:
//
// GETIMP:
// The cache-miss is just returning NULL (setting x0 to 0)
//
// NORMAL and LOOKUP:
// - x0 contains the receiver
// - x1 contains the selector
// - x16 contains the isa
// - other registers are set as per calling conventions
//
// 将x16(class)移动到x15
mov x15, x16 // stash the original isa
LLookupStart\Function:
...
.endmacro
源码较长，我们分部分看
3.4 LLookupStart\Function 开始查找
获取当前 bucket_t 和 HashIndex，用来查找缓存
这里对源码的
if-else缩进进行调整，方便查看
LLookupStart\Function:
// p1 = _cmd, p16 = isa
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16_BIG_ADDRS
// ARM64 && __LP64__: MacOS 或 模拟器
...
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_HIGH_16
// ARM64 && __LP64__
// ClassISA + #CACHE(0x10) 存入 p11，即cache_t(p11)
ldr p11, [x16, #CACHE] // p11 = mask|buckets
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
// 真机
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// > X 的机型
// 判断 cache_t(p11) 第0位是否不为0，如果为0，是否有共享缓存（first_shared_cache_sel）
// 没缓存：继续走
// 有缓存：跳转 LLookupPreopt\Function
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
// cache_t(p11) & #0x0000ffffffffffff -> p10(buckets)
// 取低 48 位
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
#else
and p10, p11, #0x0000fffffffffffe // p10 = buckets
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
#endif
// (_cmd ^ _cmd >> 7) -> p12
eor p12, p1, p1, LSR #7
// ((cache_t & p12) >> 48) -> p12(HashIndex)
and p12, p12, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = (_cmd(p1) ^ (_cmd(p1) >> 7)) & mask
#else
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets
and p12, p1, p11, LSR #48 // x12 = _cmd & mask
#endif // CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
#elif CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_LOW_4
// ARM64 && !__LP64__：真机
略
#else
#error Unsupported cache mask storage for ARM64.
#endif
// ((buckets + HashIndex) << 1+PTRSHIFT) -> p13(bucket_t)
// 通过偏移找到 bucket_t 存入p13
// p12(HashIndex)
// `buckets`是`buckets`的首地址，HashIndex为Hash表的下标
// 如：HashIndex为1那就偏移1个`bucket_t`的长度，即：16（sel8+imp8）
// 左移`(1+PTRSHIFT))`是为了到`HashIndex-1`位置，这里和cache_t插入缓存的逻辑保持一致，否则找不到的。
// 此时p13存的的是目标bucket_t地址
add p13, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p13 = buckets + ((_cmd & mask) << (1+PTRSHIFT))
// #define PTRSHIFT 3 // 1<<PTRSHIFT == PTRSIZE
// 遍历缓存
// 第一次循环结束后
3.5 循环遍历（上）
// do {
// #define BUCKET_SIZE (2 * __SIZEOF_POINTER__) 即 (sel + imp 指针的大小)
// 取出x13 放入 p17(imp) p9(sel)
// 然后 `*bucket--` 向前移动2个指针的长度
// 即：一个bucket_t的长度
// *bucket--: 先取值，再--
1: ldp p17, p9, [x13], #-BUCKET_SIZE // {imp, sel} = *bucket--
// 对比 p1(传入的sel) 和 p9(p13的sel)
cmp p9, p1 // if (sel != _cmd) {
b.ne 3f // scan more
// } else {
// 命中调用 CacheHit \Mode
2: CacheHit \Mode // hit: call or return imp
// }
3: cbz p9, \MissLabelDynamic // if (sel == 0) goto Miss;
cmp p13, p10 // } while (bucket >= buckets)
// 未命中 回到 1 继续循环
b.hs 1b
3.6 CacheHit
// CacheHit: x17 = cached IMP, x10 = address of buckets, x1 = SEL, x16 = isa
.macro CacheHit
.if $0 == NORMAL
// 调用缓存IMP
TailCallCachedImp x17, x10, x1, x16 // authenticate and call imp
.elseif $0 == GETIMP
mov p0, p17
cbz p0, 9f // don't ptrauth a nil imp
AuthAndResignAsIMP x0, x10, x1, x16 // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
9: ret // return IMP
.elseif $0 == LOOKUP
// No nil check for ptrauth: the caller would crash anyway when they
// jump to a nil IMP. We don't care if that jump also fails ptrauth.
AuthAndResignAsIMP x17, x10, x1, x16 // authenticate imp and re-sign as IMP
cmp x16, x15
cinc x16, x16, ne // x16 += 1 when x15 != x16 (for instrumentation ; fallback to the parent class)
ret // return imp via x17
.else
.abort oops
.endif
.endmacro3.7 TailCallCachedImp 执行缓存IMP
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// JOP
...
.macro TailCallCachedImp
// $0 = cached imp, $1 = address of cached imp, $2 = SEL, $3 = isa
// (addressOfCachedIMP ^ SEL) -> addressOfCachedIMP
eor $1, $1, $2 // mix SEL into ptrauth modifier
// (addressOfCachedIMP ^ isa) -> addressOfCachedIMP
eor $1, $1, $3 // mix isa into ptrauth modifier
// 这个指令还没搞明白
brab $0, $1
.endmacro
// JOP
#else
// not JOP
...
.macro TailCallCachedImp
// $0 = cached imp, $1 = address of cached imp, $2 = SEL, $3 = isa
// (cachedIMP ^ isa) -> cachedIMP
eor $0, $0, $3
// 跳转执行 cachedIMP
br $0
.endmacro
...
// not JOP
#endif3.8 循环遍历（下）
当循环回到第一个bucket的时候就停止。
将p13移到 buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
继续遍历，直到遍历完
如果仍然没有命中，_objc_msgSend_uncached
// wrap-around:
// p10 = first bucket
// p11 = mask (and maybe other bits on LP64)
// p12 = _cmd & mask
//
// A full cache can happen with CACHE_ALLOW_FULL_UTILIZATION.
// So stop when we circle back to the first probed bucket
// rather than when hitting the first bucket again.
//
// Note that we might probe the initial bucket twice
// when the first probed slot is the last entry.
...
add p13, p10, p11, LSR #(48 - (1+PTRSHIFT))
// p13 = buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
// see comment about maskZeroBits
...
add p12, p10, p12, LSL #(1+PTRSHIFT)
// p12 = first probed bucket
// do {
4: ldp p17, p9, [x13], #-BUCKET_SIZE // {imp, sel} = *bucket--
cmp p9, p1 // if (sel == _cmd)
b.eq 2b // goto hit
cmp p9, #0 // } while (sel != 0 &&
ccmp p13, p12, #0, ne // bucket > first_probed)
b.hi 4b3.9 LLookupPreopt\Function: 查找共享缓存内的数据
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
...
LLookupPreopt\Function:
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// cache_t(p11) & #0x007ffffffffffffe 存入 p10
and p10, p11, #0x007ffffffffffffe // p10 = buckets
// 验证？没找到这个指令的具体作用
autdb x10, x16 // auth as early as possible
#endif
// 查找共享缓存内的数据
// x12 = (_cmd - first_shared_cache_sel)
adrp x9, _MagicSelRef@PAGE
ldr p9, [x9, _MagicSelRef@PAGEOFF]
sub p12, p1, p9
// w9 = ((_cmd - first_shared_cache_sel) >> hash_shift & hash_mask)
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls)
// bits 63..60 of x11 are the number of bits in hash_mask
// bits 59..55 of x11 is hash_shift
lsr x17, x11, #55 // w17 = (hash_shift, ...)
lsr w9, w12, w17 // >>= shift
lsr x17, x11, #60 // w17 = mask_bits
mov x11, #0x7fff
lsr x11, x11, x17 // p11 = mask (0x7fff >> mask_bits)
and x9, x9, x11 // &= mask
#else
// bits 63..53 of x11 is hash_mask
// bits 52..48 of x11 is hash_shift
lsr x17, x11, #48 // w17 = (hash_shift, hash_mask)
lsr w9, w12, w17 // >>= shift
and x9, x9, x11, LSR #53 // &= mask
#endif
ldr x17, [x10, x9, LSL #3] // x17 == sel_offs | (imp_offs << 32)
cmp x12, w17, uxtw
.if \Mode == GETIMP
...
.else
b.ne 5f // cache miss
sub x17, x16, x17, LSR #32 // imp = isa - imp_offs
.if \Mode == NORMAL
br x17
.elseif \Mode == LOOKUP
...
5: ldursw x9, [x10, #-8] // offset -8 is the fallback offset
add x16, x16, x9 // compute the fallback isa
b LLookupStart\Function // lookup again with a new isa
.endif
#endif // CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES3.10 GetTaggedClass
if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
// Look up the class for a tagged pointer in x0, placing it in x16.
.macro GetTaggedClass
and x10, x0, #0x7 // x10 = small tag
asr x11, x0, #55 // x11 = large tag with 1s filling the top (because bit 63 is 1 on a tagged pointer)
cmp x10, #7 // tag == 7?
csel x12, x11, x10, eq // x12 = index in tagged pointer classes array, negative for extended tags.
// The extended tag array is placed immediately before the basic tag array
// so this looks into the right place either way. The sign extension done
// by the asr instruction produces the value extended_tag - 256, which produces
// the correct index in the extended tagged pointer classes array.
// x16 = _objc_debug_taggedpointer_classes[x12]
adrp x10, _objc_debug_taggedpointer_classes@PAGE
add x10, x10, _objc_debug_taggedpointer_classes@PAGEOFF
ldr x16, [x10, x12, LSL #3]
.endmacro3.11 LNilOrTagged
#if SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
LNilOrTagged:
b.eq LReturnZero // nil check
GetTaggedClass
b LGetIsaDone
// SUPPORT_TAGGED_POINTERS
#endif3.12 LReturnZero
LReturnZero:
// x0 is already zero
mov x1, #0
movi d0, #0
movi d1, #0
movi d2, #0
movi d3, #0
ret☕️ 看到这里，再休息一下吧。真机汇编看着更带劲儿~
四、真机汇编调试
个人觉得看符号断点的汇编更直观，但是源码中有注释。
真机符号断点的作为参考，和源码对照着再看一遍会更加清晰。
libobjc.A.dylib`objc_msgSend:
/*** Start
判断接收者是否为空
***/
-> 0x197b05140 <+0>: cmp x0, #0x0 ; =0x0
0x197b05144 <+4>: b.le 0x197b051e8 ; <+168>
/***************************/
/*** Start
将接收者存入 x13
即：x13 = isa
***/
0x197b05148 <+8>: ldr x13, [x0]
/***************************/
/*** Start
GetClassFromIsa_p16 ->
ExtractISA:
isa & ISA_MASK -> x16
即：x16 = class的isa
***/
0x197b0514c <+12>: and x16, x13, #0xffffffff8
/***************************/
/*** Start
CacheLookup NORMAL, _objc_msgSend, __objc_msgSend_uncached
查找缓存
***/
0x197b05150 <+16>: mov x15, x16 // LGetIsaDone
/*** Start
LLookupStart\Function:
ClassISA + #CACHE(0x10) 存入 p11，即cache_t(p11)
判断 cache_t 第0位是否不为0，如果为0，是否有共享缓存。有就跳转 LLookupPreopt
***/
0x197b05154 <+20>: ldr x11, [x16, #0x10]
0x197b05158 <+24>: and x10, x11, #0xfffffffffffe
0x197b0515c <+28>: tbnz w11, #0x0, 0x197b051b0 ; <+112>
/*** Start
计算 cache_hash
(sel ^ sel >> 7) -> p12
((cache_t & p12) >> 48) -> p12(HashIndex)
***/
0x197b05160 <+32>: eor x12, x1, x1, lsr #7
0x197b05164 <+36>: and x12, x12, x11, lsr #48
/***************************/
/***************************/
/*** Start
通过偏移找到 bucket_t 存入x13
x12(HashIndex)
`buckets`是`buckets`的首地址，HashIndex为Hash表的下标
如：HashIndex为1那就偏移1个`bucket_t`的长度，即：16（sel8+imp8）
左移`(1+PTRSHIFT))`是为了到`HashIndex-1`位置，这里和cache_t插入缓存的逻辑保持一致，否则找不到的。
(buckets + HashIndex << 1+PTRSHIFT) -> p13(bucket_t)
此时x13存的的是目标bucket_t地址
***/
0x197b05168 <+40>: add x13, x10, x12, lsl #4
/***************************/
/*** Start
遍历查缓存
#define BUCKET_SIZE (2 * __SIZEOF_POINTER__) 即 (sel + imp 指针的大小)
取出 x13 - 0x10 放入 p17(imp) p9(sel)
0x10 = 2，即2个单位
`*bucket--` 向前移动2个指针的长度（sel + imp）
即：前移一个bucket_t的长度，将x13指向上一个缓存
对比缓存和_cmd
***/
0x197b0516c <+44>: ldp x17, x9, [x13], #-0x10
0x197b05170 <+48>: cmp x9, x1
0x197b05174 <+52>: b.ne 0x197b05180 ; <+64>
/*** Start
命中缓存 TailCallCachedImp
(cachedIMP ^ isa) -> cachedIMP
***/
0x197b05178 <+56>: eor x17, x17, x16
0x197b0517c <+60>: br x17
/***************************/
/*** Start
while 循环条件判断
if (sel(x9) == 0) goto Miss;
while (bucket >= buckets) 满足条件回到 +44 指令行继续循环
***/
0x197b05180 <+64>: cbz x9, 0x197b054c0 ; _objc_msgSend_uncached
0x197b05184 <+68>: cmp x13, x10//
0x197b05188 <+72>: b.hs 0x197b0516c ; <+44>
/***************************/
/*** Start
当循环回到第一个bucket的时候就停止循环后：
* 将p13移到 buckets + (mask << 1+PTRSHIFT)
* 继续遍历，直到遍历完
* 如果仍然没有命中，_objc_msgSend_uncached
***/
0x197b0518c <+76>: add x13, x10, x11, lsr #44
0x197b05190 <+80>: add x12, x10, x12, lsl #4
/*** Start
第二次遍历
***/
0x197b05194 <+84>: ldp x17, x9, [x13], #-0x10
/*** Start
命中缓存 跳转 56指令行：TailCallCachedImp
***/
0x197b05198 <+88>: cmp x9, x1
0x197b0519c <+92>: b.eq 0x197b05178 ; <+56>
/***************************/
// 循环条件判断
0x197b051a0 <+96>: cmp x9, #0x0 ; =0x0
0x197b051a4 <+100>: ccmp x13, x12, #0x0, ne
// bucket > first_probed)
0x197b051a8 <+104>: b.hi 0x197b05194 ; <+84>
/***************************/
0x197b051ac <+108>: b 0x197b054c0 ; _objc_msgSend_uncached
/***************************/
/*** Start
LLookupPreopt\Function
查找共享缓存内的数据
***/
// x12 = (_cmd - first_shared_cache_sel)
0x197b051b0 <+112>: adrp x9, 227000
0x197b051b4 <+116>: add x9, x9, #0x47b ; =0x47b
0x197b051b8 <+120>: sub x12, x1, x9
// bits 63..53 of x11 is hash_mask
// bits 52..48 of x11 is hash_shift
0x197b051bc <+124>: lsr x17, x11, #48
0x197b051c0 <+128>: lsr w9, w12, w17
0x197b051c4 <+132>: and x9, x9, x11, lsr #53
// x17 == sel_offs | (imp_offs << 32)
0x197b051c8 <+136>: ldr x17, [x10, x9, lsl #3]
0x197b051cc <+140>: cmp x12, w17, uxtw
0x197b051d0 <+144>: b.ne 0x197b051dc ; <+156>
0x197b051d4 <+148>: sub x17, x16, x17, lsr #32
0x197b051d8 <+152>: br x17
/*** Start
5.
***/
// offset -8 is the fallback offse
0x197b051dc <+156>: ldursw x9, [x10, #-0x8]
// compute the fallback isa
0x197b051e0 <+160>: add x16, x16, x9
// lookup again with a new isa
0x197b051e4 <+164>: b 0x197b05154 ; <+20>
/***************************/
/***************************/
/*** Start
接收者为空时调用 LNilOrTagged
***/
0x197b051e8 <+168>: b.eq 0x197b0520c ; <+204>
/*** Start
GetTaggedClass
***/
0x197b051ec <+172>: and x10, x0, #0x7
0x197b051f0 <+176>: asr x11, x0, #55
0x197b051f4 <+180>: cmp x10, #0x7 ; =0x7
0x197b051f8 <+184>: csel x12, x11, x10, eq
0x197b051fc <+188>: adrp x10, 255422
0x197b05200 <+192>: add x10, x10, #0xb60 ; =0xb60
0x197b05204 <+196>: ldr x16, [x10, x12, lsl #3]
/***************************/
0x197b05208 <+200>: b 0x197b05150 ; <+16> // LGetIsaDone
/***************************/
/*** Start
LReturnZero
***/
0x197b0520c <+204>: mov x1, #0x0
0x197b05210 <+208>: movi d0, #0000000000000000
0x197b05214 <+212>: movi d1, #0000000000000000
0x197b05218 <+216>: movi d2, #0000000000000000
0x197b0521c <+220>: movi d3, #0000000000000000
0x197b05220 <+224>: ret
/***************************/
🎉 感谢能耐心看到这里，不错不错
看汇编是真的费劲儿
objc_msgSend 汇编流程图
五、未命中缓存的处理 __objc_msgSend_uncached
STATIC_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached
UNWIND __objc_msgSend_uncached, FrameWithNoSaves
// THIS IS NOT A CALLABLE C FUNCTION
// Out-of-band r10 is the searched class
// r10 is already the class to search
MethodTableLookup NORMAL // r11 = IMP
jmp *%r11 // goto *imp
END_ENTRY __objc_msgSend_uncached这里会调用 MethodTableLookup。
5.1 查找方法列表 MethodTableLookup
.macro MethodTableLookup
// 创建一个栈，为调用方法做准备，存储寄存器中的值
SAVE_REGS MSGSEND
// lookUpImpOrForward(obj, sel, cls, LOOKUP_INITIALIZE | LOOKUP_RESOLVER)
// receiver and selector already in x0 and x1
mov x2, x16
mov x3, #3
bl _lookUpImpOrForward
// IMP in x0
mov x17, x0
// 复原 SAVE_REGS用到的寄存器，出栈
RESTORE_REGS MSGSEND
.endmacro5.2 慢速查找 _lookUpImpOrForward
参数
说明
id inst
receiver(x0)
SEL sel
selector(x1)
Class cls
ClassISA
int behavior
method lookup
behavior:
LOOKUP_INITIALIZE | LOOKUP_RESOLVER)
流程图
源码解析
IMP lookUpImpOrForward(id inst, SEL sel, Class cls, int behavior)
{
const IMP forward_imp = (IMP)_objc_msgForward_impcache;
IMP imp = nil;
Class curClass;
runtimeLock.assertUnlocked();
/**
发给Class的第一个消息通常是通过了objc_opt_*或各种优化的入口：
+ new
+ alloc
+ self
但是，此时Class尚未初始化
*/
if (slowpath(!cls->isInitialized())) {
behavior |= LOOKUP_NOCACHE;
}
/**
加锁
保证 method-lookup + cache-fill 的原子性。
否则
可能分类添加后会被永久忽略，因为缓存被旧的数据覆盖
*/
runtimeLock.lock();
/**
为防止 CFI攻击
检查是否是已注册的类
确保Class编译进了二进制文件
或者是使用
objc_duplicateClass, objc_initializeClassPair or objc_allocateClassPair
合法的注册过的
*/
checkIsKnownClass(cls);
// 如果需要的话初始化class
cls = realizeAndInitializeIfNeeded_locked(inst, cls, behavior & LOOKUP_INITIALIZE);
// runtimeLock may have been dropped but is now locked again
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
curClass = cls;
/**
死循环。通过goto和break跳出
*/
for (unsigned attempts = unreasonableClassCount();;) {
if (curClass->cache.isConstantOptimizedCache(/* strict */true)) {
...
} else {
// curClass method list.
// 用二分法查找sel
Method meth = getMethodNoSuper_nolock(curClass, sel);
if (meth) {
imp = meth->imp(false);
goto done;
}
// 这里将获取了父类并赋值给 curClass
if (slowpath((curClass = curClass->getSuperclass()) == nil)) {
// 父类都找完了（superClass == nil）也没有就进行消息转发了
// No implementation found, and method resolver didn't help.
// Use forwarding.
imp = forward_imp;
break;
}
}
...
// Superclass cache. 这里的 curClass 已经是父类了
imp = cache_getImp(curClass, sel);
if (slowpath(imp == forward_imp)) {
// 需要进行消息转发
break;
}
if (fastpath(imp)) {
// Found the method in a superclass. Cache it in this class.
goto done;
}
}
...
done:
if (fastpath((behavior & LOOKUP_NOCACHE) == 0)) {
#if CONFIG_USE_PREOPT_CACHES
// iOS真机
while (cls->cache.isConstantOptimizedCache(/* strict */true)) {
cls = cls->cache.preoptFallbackClass();
}
#endif
// 插入缓存
log_and_fill_cache(cls, imp, sel, inst, curClass);
}
...
}
5.3 二分查找赏析
这里的算法比较精妙，值得学习。
/***********************************************************************
* search_method_list_inline
**********************************************************************/
template<class getNameFunc>
ALWAYS_INLINE static method_t *
findMethodInSortedMethodList(SEL key, const method_list_t *list, const getNameFunc &getName)
{
ASSERT(list);
auto first = list->begin();
auto base = first;
decltype(first) probe;
uintptr_t keyValue = (uintptr_t)key;
uint32_t count;
/**
count >>= 1，右移一位，即二分一次
*/
for (count = list->count; count != 0; count >>= 1) {
// 居中的下标
probe = base + (count >> 1);
uintptr_t probeValue = (uintptr_t)getName(probe);
if (keyValue == probeValue) {
// `probe` is a match.
// Rewind looking for the *first* occurrence of this value.
// This is required for correct category overrides.
/**
probe > first
开始遍历一直把同名的遍历完，因为有分类的存在，所以可能会有同名的。
会掉分类的。
*/
while (probe > first && keyValue == (uintptr_t)getName((probe - 1))) {
probe--;
}
return &*probe;
}
if (keyValue > probeValue) {
base = probe + 1;
count--;
}
}
return nil;
}六、动态决议与消息转发
附：知识点补充
1. 取 buckets 过程的补充说明
// 判断 cache_t(p11) 第0位是否不为0，如果为0，是否有共享缓存（first_shared_cache_sel）
// 没缓存：继续走
// 有缓存：跳转 LLookupPreopt\Function
tbnz p11, #0, LLookupPreopt\Function
// cache_t(p11) & #0x0000ffffffffffff -> p10(buckets)
// 取低 48 位
and p10, p11, #0x0000ffffffffffff // p10 = buckets这里的第0位，是指低位的0位
2. OBJC2
我们在进行源码学习的时候时常会见到__OBJC2__这个宏定义。
因为
runtime有两个版本1.0：用于早期系统上，32位的MacOS上
2.0（现行版本）：
iOS和MacOS X 10.5以后的64位系统上
想要了解更多可以查看下面的官方文档：
3. cache_t
4. Class的实现（Realize）和初始化（Initialize）
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