60.n个骰子的点数
一、 题目
把n个骰子扔在地上,所有骰子朝上一面的点数之和为s。输入n,打印出s的所有可能的值出现的概率。
你需要用一个浮点数数组返回答案,其中第 i 个元素代表这 n 个骰子所能掷出的点数集合中第 i 小的那个的概率。
示例 1:
输入: 1
输出: [0.16667,0.16667,0.16667,0.16667,0.16667,0.16667]
示例 2:
输入: 2
输出: [0.02778,0.05556,0.08333,0.11111,0.13889,0.16667,0.13889,0.11111,0.08333,0.05556,0.02778]
限制:
1 <= n <= 11
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/nge-tou-zi-de-dian-shu-lcof
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二、 解法
数组内元素和为 1
要求每个和有多少种组合方式
每个组合方式数/总组合数就是概率了
func dicesProbability(_ n: Int) -> [Double] {
let sRangeMin = n
let sRangeMax = n * 6
var total = 0
var temp: [Int] = []
var res: [Double] = []
for s in sRangeMin...sRangeMax {
let c = resultCount(of: s, by: n)
total += c
temp.append(c)
}
temp.forEach {
res.append(Double($0) / Double(total))
}
return res
}
设 f(n,x) 为 n 个骰子和为 x 的组合数
f(n,x) = f(n-1, x-1) + f(n-1, x-2) + f(n-1, x-3) + f(n-1, x-4) + f(n-1, x-5) + f(n-1, x-6)
var dp: [String : Int] = [:]
/// 求 n 个 1-6 的数字和为 num 的组合数
/// - Parameters:
/// - num: -
/// - n: -
/// - Returns: 组合数
func resultCount(of num: Int, by n: Int) -> Int {
guard num >= n, num <= n*6 else { // 注意控制边界条件
return 0
}
guard n > 1 else {
return 1
}
let key = "\(n) - \(num)"
if let r = dp[key] {
return r
}
var res: Int = 0
for i in 1...6 {
res += resultCount(of: num - i, by: n - 1)
}
dp[key] = res
return res
}
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